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Synthesis of C?C, C?N coupled novel substituted dibutyl benzothiazepinone derivatives and evaluation of their thrombin inhibitory activity

The formation of a thrombus is a key event in thromboembolic disorders, that contribute to high mortality and morbidity in affected patients. In the present study, we synthesized a library of novel substituted 3,3-dibutyl-8-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo [b] [1,4] thiazepin-4(5H)-one derivatives which were tested for their platelet aggregation and thrombin inhibitory activity. Among the tested compounds, 3,3-dibutyl-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b] [1,4]thiazepin-4(5H)-one (DCT) displayed the maximum thrombin inhibition with an IC50 value of 3.85 muM and thus DCT was chosen for further studies. Next, the effect of DCT on primary hemostasis was evaluated using agonist-induced platelet aggregation model. The lead compound inhibited the collagen- or ADP- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, DCT prolonged the process of clot formation when evaluating plasma re-calcification time (320 ¡À 11 sec at 5 mug DCT), activated partial thromboplastin time (58.0 ¡À 0.01 sec at 2 mug), and prothrombin time (14.7 ¡À 0.01 sec at 5 mug). Molecular docking studies suggested that the benzothiazepinones evaluated here consistently display hydrogen bonding with Ser214 of thrombin, which is similar to that of the co-crystallized ligand (1-(2R)-2-amino-3-phenyl-propanoyl-N-(2,5dichlorophenyl)methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxamide). DCT displayed additional hydrogen bonding to Ser195 and pi-pi interactions between its methoxyphenyl groups and Trp60, thereby providing a structural rationale for the observed biological effect.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Development of a palladium-catalyzed alpha-arylation of cyclopropyl nitriles

1,1-Disubstituted aryl cyclopropyl nitriles are useful moieties in biologically active compounds and provide access to a range of cyclopropyl derivatives. Herein, we describe the development of a palladium-catalyzed alpha-arylation of cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, and cyclopentyl nitriles that affords these functional groups in one step from a variety of aryl bromides in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, we demonstrate the transformation of aryl cyclopropyl nitriles into aryl trifluoromethyl cyclopropanes.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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General Synthesis of Alkenyl Sulfides by Palladium-Catalyzed Thioetherification of Alkenyl Halides and Tosylates

The cross-coupling reaction of alkenyl bromides with thiols catalyzed by palladium complexes derived from inexpensive dppf ligand is reported. These reactions occur under low catalyst loading and in high yields and display wide scope, including the coupling of bulky thiols and trisubstituted bromoolefins, and functional group tolerance. In addition, the thioetherification of less reactive chloroalkenes and, for the first time, alkenyl tosylates was accomplished using a catalyst generated from CyPFtBu alkylbisphosphine ligand.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Biphasic Aqueous Reaction Conditions for Process-Friendly Palladium-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling of Aryl Amines

We herein describe a method for palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling of aryl amines and aryl halides in a biphasic reaction medium composed of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) and water. By effective solubilization of the inorganic base used, common challenges associated with the scalability of Buchwald-Hartwig aminations using inorganic bases were circumvented. The mildly basic nature of the reaction conditions was highlighted by the facile coupling of a base-sensitive substrate, which could be converted to the corresponding product with a high level of crude purity. The method is operationally simple and displays an improved safety and sustainability profile compared with many alternative strategies for large-scale Buchwald-Hartwig amination. Relying on a commonly available dialkylbiarylphosphine ligand, this approach was applied to three clinically relevant C-N cross-coupling reactions on the hecto- to kilogram scale.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of Pd2(DBA)3

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4-[18f]fluorophenylpiperazines by improved hartwig-buchwald n-arylation of 4-[18f]fluoroiodobenzene, formed via hypervalent lambda3-Iodane precursors: Application to build-up of the dopamine d4 ligand [18f]fauc 316

Substituted phenylpiperazines are often neuropharmacologically active compounds and in many cases are essential pharmacophores of neuroligands for different receptors such as D2 -like dopaminergic, serotoninergic and other receptors. Nucleophilic, no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) 18F-labelling of these ligands in an aromatic position is desirable for studying receptors with in vivo molecular imaging. 1-(4-[18 F]Fluorophenyl)piperazine was synthesized in two reaction steps starting by 18F-labelling of a iodobenzene-iodonium precursor, followed by Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of the intermediate 4-[18F]fluoro-iodobenzene. Different palladium catalysts and solvents were tested with particular attention to the polar solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Weak inorganic bases like potassium phosphate or cesium carbonate seem to be essential for the arylation step and lead to conversation rates above 70% in DMF which is comparable to those in typically used toluene. In DMSO even quantitative conversation was observed. Overall radiochemical yields of up to 40% and 60% in DMF and DMSO, respectively, were reached depending on the labelling yield of the first step. The fluorophenylpiperazine obtained was coupled in a third reaction step with 2-formyl-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile to yield the highly selective dopamine D4 ligand [18F]FAUC 316.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 52409-22-0

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A tandem and tunable Pd catalyzed C-N coupling of heteroarenols with ureas via C-OH bond activation

At this circumstance for the first time, a facile and convenient method for heteroaryl ureas has been developed via a two-step process involving in situ C-OH activation followed by palladium catalyzed C-N coupling of heteroarenols with ureas, which show excellent functional group tolerance and give out rapid coupling in good to excellent yield.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of Pd2(DBA)3

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Anti-Carboalumination of Alkynes Using Aluminum Trihalide and Silyl Ketene Imines: Stereo- and Regioselective Synthesis of Alkenylaluminum Compounds Bearing a Cyano Group

An organoaluminum-free and catalyst-free anti-carboalumination of alkynes using aluminum trihalides and silyl ketene imines was developed. Three components, an alkyne, AlX3, and a silyl ketene imine, were simply mixed to give the alkenylaluminum bearing a cyano group with regioselectivity. Theoretical calculations revealed the effective activation of the alkyne by AlX3 to enhance the regioselective carboalumination. The synthesized alkenylaluminums were applicable to many organic transformations.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis of C2-symmetric benzimidazolium salts and their application in palladium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular alpha-arylation of amides

A series of C2-symmetric chiral benzimidazolium salts, the precursor of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, were designed and synthesized from 1,2-dibromobenzene. In situ prepared corresponding carbenes were tested in the asymmetric palladium-catalyzed intramolecular alpha-arylation of amides, affording chiral diarylmethanols with high yields and moderate enantioselectivities.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis of novel conjugated polymers based on benzo[1,2-: D:4,5- d ?]-bis([1,2,3]triazole) for applications in organic field-effect transistors

Novel donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers based on 4,8-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,6-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-2H-benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d?]- bis([1,2,3]triazole)-6-ium-5-ide (BTBBTa) combined with three different electron-donating monomers bithiophene (BT), thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), (E)-2-[2-(thiophen-2yl)vinyl]thiophene (TVT) were synthesized. By replacing the sulfur atoms on benzobisthiadiazole with nitrogen atoms, benzobistriazole (BBTa) can possess alkyl chains on the central nitrogen atoms rather than on the thiophene rings along the polymer chain, which can reduce the steric hindrance between neighboring monomers and increase the planarity of polymers. The optical, thermal and electrochemical properties of the polymers were characterized, respectively. DFT calculations were used to calculate the optimized geometries of polymer backbones. The thin film microstructures of the polymers were characterized by using GIWAXS and AFM. In these novel polymers, PBTBBTa-BT displayed the highest hole mobility of 0.21 cm2 V-1 s-1.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Use of a catalyst system comprising nickel, palladium, or platinum and imidazoline-2-ylidene or imidazolidine-2-ylidene in kumada coupling reactions

This invention provides a process for conducting Kumada coupling reactions. The processes of the present invention make use of N-heterocyclic carbenes as ancillary ligands in Kumada couplings of aryl halides. A Kumada coupling can be carried out by mixing, in a liquid medium, at least one aryl halide, wherein the aryl halide has, directly bonded to the aromatic ring(s), at least one halogen atom selected from the group consisting of a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom; at least one Grignard reagent; at least one metal compound comprising at least one metal atom selected from nickel, palladium, and platinum, wherein the formal oxidation state of the metal is zero or two; and at least one N-heterocyclic carbene. One preferred type of N-heterocyclic carbene is an imidazoline-2-ylidene of the formula wherein R1 and R2 are each, independently, alkyl or aryl groups having at least 3 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are each, independently, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbyl group. Homocoupling of aryl pseudohalides is also feasible using the processes of this invention.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method