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Synthesis and characterization of the fluorinated thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione-based donor-acceptor polymers for organic solar cells

A new wide bandgap polymer (PC8TPD-F) has been synthesized via the Stille cross-coupling reaction between fluorine-substituted thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) and 4,8-bis(5-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]dithiophene (BDTT). For structural comparison, the nonfluorinated TPD-based BDTT polymer (PC8TPD) was also synthesized with the same polymerization. The number average molecular weights (Mn) of PC8TPD and PC8TPD-F were found to be 47,000 g/mol (? = 2.1) and 52,000 g/mol (? = 1.8) respectively. The HOMO levels of PC8TPD and PC8TPD-F were determined to be ?5.56 and?5.65 eV respectively. The inclusion of the fluorinated TPD unit lowers the polymer’s HOMO level. The SCLC mobilities of PC8TPD and PC8TPD-F were determined to be 1.5 ¡Á 10?4 and 2.1 ¡Á 10?4 cm2/V respectively. Polymer solar cell devices prepared with PC8TPD and PC8TPD-F as their active layers were found to exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 4.26% and 6.80% with open circuit voltages of 0.90 V and 0.95 V respectively.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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TRI-AND BI-CYCLIC HETEROARYL HISTAMINE-3 RECEPTOR LIGANDS

Compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 or R2 is a tricyclic or bicyclic ring, each of which contains at least two heteroatoms, and R1, R2, R3, R3a, R3b, R4, R5, L, X, X’, Y, Y’, Z, and Z’ are as defined herein, are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by histamine-3 receptor ligands. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the histamine-3 receptor ligands, methods for using such compounds and compositions, and a process for preparing compounds within the scope of formula (I).

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Discovery of Pd2(DBA)3

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Photophysical Properties of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials upon Distortion of Central Axis of Donor Moiety

In this study, we showed the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety can switch critically the rate of the reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) process, which is the trigger point to modulate the lifetime of delayed fluorescence. To achieve kRISC, what we desired (105 to 106 s-1) in a series of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, the donor groups (phenoxazine and phenothiazine) were selectively introduced. Maintaining the near orthogonality between donor and acceptor (benzonitrile) moiety, the occurrence of the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety could make the effect of locally excited triplet state (3LE). In other words, the interaction between 3LE and the charge transfer counterparts (i.e., 1CT and 3CT) contributes an opposite propensity of kRISC for each of the target TADF materials when those are dissolved in solution and condensed in solid state. Herein, we have theoretically and experimentally shown the photophysical behavior of common D-A-D type TADF upon the different systems.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

The Absolute Best Science Experiment for Pd2(DBA)3

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Single-Flask Multicomponent Palladium-Catalyzed alpha,gamma-Coupling of Ketone Enolates: Facile Preparation of Complex Carbon Scaffolds

A three-component palladium-catalyzed reaction sequence has been developed in which gamma-substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated products are obtained in a single flask by an alpha-alkenylation with either a subsequent gamma-alkenylation or gamma-arylation of a ketone enolate. Coupling of a variety of electronically and structurally different components was achieved in the presence of a Pd/Q-Phos catalyst (2mol %), usually at 22 C with yields of up to 85 %. Most importantly, access to these products is obtained in one simple operation in place of employing multiple reactions. Building bridges: The title reaction was developed for the construction of gamma-substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones under mild reaction conditions. High levels of regioselectivity and control of incorporation of reaction components are exhibited, thus producing complex scaffolds in a single-flask procedure. dba=dibenzylideneacetone, THF=tetrahydrofuran, Q-Phos=1-di-tert-butylphosphino-1?,2?,3?,4?,5?-pentaphenylferrocene.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Asymmetric Palladium-Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions for the Synthesis of Cyclic Sulfamides

The synthesis of cyclic sulfamides by enantioselective Pd-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions between N-allylsulfamides and aryl or alkenyl bromides is described. High levels of asymmetric induction (up to 95:5 e.r.) are achieved using a catalyst composed of [Pd2(dba)3] and (S)-Siphos-PE. Deuterium-labelling studies indicate the reactions proceed through syn-aminopalladation of the alkene and suggest that the control of syn- versus anti-aminopalladation pathways is important for asymmetric induction. Aminate the double bond! The enantioselective Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl or alkenyl bromides with N-allylsulfamides affords substituted cyclic sulfamides in good yield with high levels of asymmetric induction (see scheme). The reactions proceed through stereoselective syn-aminopalladation of the alkene, which is important for high enantioselectivity.

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Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Iridium-catalyzed regiospecific and stereospecific allylic amination for the syntheses of alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-amino esters and the bifurcation of the reaction pathway leading to the formation of oxazolidin-2-ones

A pair of iridium-catalyzed regiospecific and stereospecific reactions of the carbonates of gamma-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated esters were developed. The reaction pathways are strongly affected by the choice of amines employed. A diverse range of gamma-substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-amino esters were prepared in excellent yields with various amine nucleophiles such as benzylamine, diallylamine, morpholine, aniline and N-methylaniline. Substitution at the gamma-position was well tolerated, encompassing alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituents. Enantioenriched (E)-alpha,beta-unsaturated gamma-amino esters could also be synthesized from the corresponding enantioenriched allylic carbonates with complete chirality transfer. In sharp contrast, a series of 3,4-disubstituted oxazolidin-2-ones were obtained by using allylamine as a nucleophile.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Development of asymmetric deacylative allylation

Herein we present the development of asymmetric deacylative allylation of ketone enolates. The reaction directly couples readily available ketone pronucleophiles with allylic alcohols using facile retro-Claisen cleavage to form reactive intermediates in situ. The simplicity and robustness of the reaction conditions is demonstrated by the preparation of >6 g of an allylated tetralone from commercially available materials. Furthermore, use of nonracemic PHOX ligands allows intermolecular formation of quaternary stereocenters directly from allylic alcohols.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Traversing Steric Limitations by Cooperative Lewis Base/Palladium Catalysis: An Enantioselective Synthesis of alpha-Branched Esters Using 2-Substituted Allyl Electrophiles

Cooperative catalysis enables the direct enantioselective alpha-allylation of linear prochiral esters with 2-substituted allyl electrophiles. Critical to the successful development of the method was the recognition that metal-centered reactivity and the source of enantiocontrol are independent. This feature is unique to simultaneous catalysis events and permits logical tuning of the supporting ligands without compromising enantioselectivity.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxydibenzo[a,f]quinolizinium salt and its d-ring substituted derivatives

Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxydibenzo[a,f]quinolizinium salt (2a) and its derivatives (2b-g) substituted at the D ring has been achieved from 3-(2-bromoaryl)propanoic acid (3) in four steps for future examination of the inhibitory activity of these compounds against topoisomerase. The dihydrocarbostyrils (5a-g), key intermediates in this synthetic scheme, were prepared from the amides (4a-g) via intramolecular aryl amidation reactions.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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An organic opto-electronic material intermediate phenyl indeno carbazole synthesis method (by machine translation)

The present invention discloses an organic photoelectric material intermediate phenyl indeno carbazole synthesis method, the technology is to take O-chloroaniline and dimethyl wuwu is raw materials, to aromatic hydrocarbon solvent, by a pot coupling reaction to obtain the target product. The invention provides organic photoelectric material intermediate phenyl indeno carbazole synthesis method in order to obtained in a high yield of the intermediate at the same time simplifies the process operation, reduced the cost of material and production cost, reducing the pollution of the environment, and meets the requirements of the industrial scale production, the process conditions are mild and controllable, safe operation, catalyst consumption is low, the yield can be as high as 90% or more, and the solvent recycled easily, equipment consumption and low energy consumption, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production. (by machine translation)

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method