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Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indoles and Isoquinolines with in Situ Generated Phosphinimine

A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted indoles and isoquinolines through the coupling of aryl bromides with 2-alkynyl arylazides or 2-alkynyl benzylazides has been developed. This method provides straightforward access to indoles and isoquinolines with high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility. In this transformation, the iminophosphorane in situ generated from azides is served as the nucleophile that attacks the alkyne moiety in the cyclization process.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Electro-oxidation of methanol in alkaline conditions using Pd?Ni nanoparticles prepared from organometallic precursors and supported on carbon vulcan

Oxidation of low-molecular weight alcohols as energy sources using metal nanoparticles has attracted considerable interest for use as a power source in portable electronic devices. In this work, a series of mono- and bimetallic nanoparticles based on palladium and nickel (Pd, Pd90Ni10, Pd50Ni50, Pd10Ni90, and Ni) have been synthesized from organometallic precursors, namely tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0), Pd2(dba)3, and bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), Ni(cod)2. Well-defined metal particles in the nanometric scale from 4.2 to 6.3 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The as-prepared nanoparticles were mixed with a carbon Vulcan matrix (10 % wt. of the catalyst in turn) for investigation as electrocatalysts in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline conditions. The i?E profiles from cyclic voltammetry for the monometallic systems indicated a redox process attributed only to palladium or nickel, as expected. With the bimetallic nanomaterials, the redox process and the i?E characteristics are functions of the amount of nickel associated to palladium. From a fundamental point of view, it has been established that the OH ions? interfacial interaction and the MOR kinetics are affected by the presence of nickel (decreasing the faradic current) as supported by the current versus potential profiles obtained as a function of methanol concentration and with temperature variation.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Novel FXR (NR1H4) binding and activity modulating compounds

The present invention relates to compounds which bind to the NR1H4 receptor (FXR) and act as agonists of the NR1H4 receptor (FXR). The invention further relates to the use of the compounds for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of diseases and/or conditions through binding of said nuclear receptor by said compounds and to a process for the synthesis of said compounds. wherein R is selected from the group consisting of COOR6, CONR7R8, tetrazolyl, SO2NR7R8, C1-6 alkyl, SO2-C1-6 alkyl and H, with R6 independently selected from the group consisting of H or C1-6 alkyl, and R7 and R8 independently from each other selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl, halo-C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylene-R9, SO2-C1-6 alkyl, wherein R9 is selected from the group consisting of COOH, OH and SO3H; A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl,pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, indazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzotriazolyl, furanyl, benzothiazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, each optionally substituted with one or two groups independently selected from the group consisting of OH, O-C1-6 alkyl, O-halo-C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkyl, halo-C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl and halogen; Q is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, pyrimidyl, each optionally substituted with one or two groups independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, halo-C1-6 alkyl, halogen and CF3;Y is selected from N or CH; Z is selected from wherein X= CH, N, NO.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Enantioselective synthesis of methyl 2-[1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-methyloxazole-5-carboxylate by a one?pot enamide cyclization

Methyl 2-[1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-methyloxazole-5-carboxylate (1) was synthesized with high optical purity via a Pd?catalyzed amide coupling with vinyl triflate with subsequent oxazole formation. The latter reaction proceeds via bromination of an enamide with NBS and DBU-promoted cyclization. The oxazole subunit positional isomer in a macrocyclic azole peptide was obtained in a good yield without racemization. The scope and limitations of this reaction were also investigated.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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An organic electroluminescent compounds, organic electroluminescent devices and applications thereof (by machine translation)

The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent compounds, organic electroluminescent devices and applications thereof. The invention organic electroluminescent compound of the following structure Wherein R1 , R2 And R4 Independently hydrogen, C1 – C20 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, naphthyl, phenanthrene, anthryl, […], biphenyl, pyrimidinyl, or triazinyl; R3 Is C1 – C10 alkyl, or C6 – C30 aryl group; R5 Is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, C1 – C20 straight or branched chain alkyl, or C6 – C30 aryl group; R6 , R7 Respectively and independently is hydrogen, deuterium, C1 – C20 straight or branched chain alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, naphthyl, phenanthrene, anthryl, […], biphenyl, pyrimidinyl, or triazinyl; independent of X is carbon or nitrogen; I is 0 – 4 integer; m, n independently is 0 or 1. The invention organic electroluminescent compounds can not only effectively reduce device working voltage, at the same time also improving the luminous efficiency of the device and the service life. (by machine translation)

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Efficient Pd-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Carboxylation of Allylic Alcohols with Formic Acid

Formic acid is efficiently used as a C1 source to directly carboxylate allylic alcohols in the presence of a low loading of palladium catalyst and acetic anhydride as additive to afford beta,gamma-unsaturated carboxylic acids with excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds through a carbonylation process with in situ-generated carbon monoxide under mild conditions, avoiding the use of high-pressure gaseous CO. A bisphosphine ligand with a large bite angle (4,5-bis{diphenylphosphino}-9,9-dimethylxanthene, Xantphos) was found to be uniquely effective for this transformation. The regio- and stereoconvergence of this reaction is ascribed to the thermodynamically favored isomerization of the allylic electrophile in the presence of the palladium catalyst.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Phosphine-Based Covalent Organic Framework for the Controlled Synthesis of Broad-Scope Ultrafine Nanoparticles

In this work, a phosphine-based covalent organic framework (Phos-COF-1) is successfully synthesized and employed as a template for the confined growth of broad-scope nanoparticles (NPs). Ascribed to the ordered distribution of phosphine coordination sites in the well-defined pores, various stable and well-dispersed ultrafine metal NPs including Pd, Pt, Au, and bimetallic PdAuNPs with narrow size distributions are successfully prepared as determined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. It is also demonstrated that the as-prepared Phos-COF-1-supported ultrafine NPs exhibit excellent catalytic activities and recyclability toward the Suzuki?Miyaura coupling reaction, reduction of nitro-phenol and 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene, and even tandem coupling and reduction of p-nitroiodobenzene. This work will open many new possibilities for preparing COF-supported ultrafine NPs with good dispersity and stability for a broad range of applications.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Stereocontrol in palladium-catalyzed propargylic substitutions: Kinetic resolution to give enantioenriched 1,5-enynes and propargyl acetates

Kinetic resolution during the catalytic allyl-propargyl cross-coupling with chiral starting materials can be accomplished with a chiral palladium catalyst. These reactions offer ready access to enantiomerically enriched enyne products from simple, readily available starting materials. Copyright

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Reductively Stable Hydrogen-Bonding Ligands Featuring Appended CF2-H Units

We present the development of ligands featuring the unconventional hydrogen bond donor, -CF2H, within a metal’s secondary coordination sphere. When metalated with palladium, o-CF2H-functionalized 1,10-phenanthroline provides highly directed H-bonding interactions with Pd-coordinated substrates. Spectroscopic and computational analyses with a series of X-type ligand acceptors (-F, -Cl, -Br, -OR) establish the H-bonding interaction strength for the -CF2H group (?3 kcal/mol). The synthesis of Pd0/Ni0 complexes and subsequent coupling (Ni) highlight the unique reductive and base compatibility of the -CF2H hydrogen bond donor group.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Aggregation Strength Tuning in Difluorobenzoxadiazole-Based Polymeric Semiconductors for High-Performance Thick-Film Polymer Solar Cells

High-performance polymer solar cells (PSCs) with thick active layers are essential for large-scale production. Polymer semiconductors exhibiting a temperature-dependent aggregation property offer great advantages toward this purpose. In this study, three difluorobenzoxadiazole (ffBX)-based donor polymers, PffBX-T, PffBX-TT, and PffBX-DTT, were synthesized, which contain thiophene (T), thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT), and dithieno[3,2-b:2?,3?-d]thiophene (DTT) as the pi-spacers, respectively. Temperature-dependent absorption spectra reveal that the aggregation strength increases in the order of PffBX-T, PffBX-TT, and PffBX-DTT as the pi-spacer becomes larger. PffBX-TT with the intermediate aggregation strength enables well-controlled disorder-order transition in the casting process of blend film, thus leading to the best film morphology and the highest performance in PSCs. Thick-film PSCs with an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.91% and the maximum value of 9.10% are achieved using PffBX-TT:PC71BM active layer with a thickness of 250 nm. The neat film of PffBX-TT also shows a high hole mobility of 1.09 cm2 V-1 s-1 in organic thin-film transistors. When PffBX-DTT and PffBX-T are incorporated into PSCs utilizing PC71BM acceptor, the average PCE decreases to 6.54 and 1.33%, respectively. The performance drop mainly comes from reduced short-circuit current, as a result of nonoptimal blend film morphology caused by a less well-controlled film formation process. A similar trend was also observed in nonfullerene type thick-film PSCs using IT-4F as the electron acceptor. These results show the significance of polymer aggregation strength tuning toward optimal bulk heterojunction film morphology using ffBX-based polymer model system. The study demonstrates that adjusting pi-spacer is an effective method, in combination with other important approaches such as alkyl chain optimization, to generate high-performance thick-film PSCs which are critical for practical applications.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method