New explortion of Pd2(DBA)3

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Two conjugated polymers consisting of alternating dithieno[2,3-b;7,6-b] carbazole and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione either without (P1) or with (P2) thiophene spacers were synthesized via Stille coupling. P1 and P2 showed a band gap of 2.07 and 1.80 eV and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of -5.2 and -5.1 eV, respectively. The P1-based solar cells showed the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.51% when 1.0% diiodooctane was mixed into the active layer of P1/PC71BM (1/1). In contrast, the PCE of P2-based solar cells was much lower, due to its lower molecular weight, more curved backbone, smaller absorption coefficient, and slightly higher HOMO level.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Brief introduction of 52409-22-0

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Provided is a 5,6-diaryl-2-pyrazyl triflate, its synthetic method, and a method for synthesizing an organometallic complex having a triarylpyrazine ligand from the 5,6-diaryl-2-pyrazyl triflate. The triflate is readily obtained from the corresponding 5,6-diarylpyrazin-2-ol, and the palladium-catalyzed coupling of the 5,6-diaryl-2-pyrazyl triflate with an arylboronic acid derivative leads to a high yield of a triarylpyrazine derivative having high purity. The use of the triarylpyrazine derivative in the reaction with a metal compound such as a metal chloride results in an ortho-metallated organometallic complex with high purity. The high purity of the organometallic complex contributes to the extremely high durability of a light-emitting element.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Brief introduction of 52409-22-0

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The present invention provides a compound represented by Formula (I) (wherein R1, X1, X2, Y, and Z are as defined in the specification), or a salt thereof

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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An expedient regioselective synthesis of a GABA alpha2/3 agonist 1 is described. The key step is an efficient regioselective palladium-catalyzed coupling of 7-trifluoromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (5) to 5?-chloro-4,2?-difluorobiphenyl-2-carbonitrile (15). The efficiency of this step was affected by the choice of solvent, ligand, and tetrabutylammonium salt additive.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The invention relates to novel compounds containing one or more units derived from 1,5-disubstituted-1,5-dihydro-[1,5]naphthyridine-2,6-dione, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to mixtures and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, mixtures and formulations as organic semiconductors in organic electronic (OE) devices, especially in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and organic photodetectors (OPD), and to OE, OPV and OPD devices comprising these compounds, mixtures or formulations.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

Discovery of Pd2(DBA)3

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The Buchwald-Hartwig amination allows an efficient and convenient synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically important acridones by formation of a six-membered ring. With the described method, a number of derivatives have been synthesized in up to 95% yield by using a variety of anilines as well as benzylic and aliphatic amines.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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We report here our latest discovery on the directed lithiation and palladium-catalyzed arylation of anisoles. During this research, the formation of a four-membered lithiumcycle followed by transmetalation to the corresponding palladacycle has been achieved, which is difficult to be obtained from palladium-catalyzed C-H activation processes. This approach has provided an alternative way of introducing functionalities to arenes such as anisoles, thioanisoles, and anilines. This approach also features an excellent monoselectivity compared with reactions under transition-metal-catalyzed conditions.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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This review article gives an overview of past and current activities in the Linear Conjugated Systems Group of Angers and in the IPOC ? Functional Polymers Group of the Institute of Polymer Chemistry of Stuttgart on the use of triphenylamine (TPA) as versatile building block for organic electronics. In the first part, the properties of TPA itself are introduced including geometrical and energy level considerations. Dimerization of TPA to tetraphenylbenzidine upon electrochemical oxidation is highlighted. The blocking of TPA para-positions and its implications in terms of electroactivity is further discussed. The second part shows that dimerization of TPA as pendant redox-active moieties in polymers is a versatile strategy to crosslink polymer films. Coming from redox homopolymers the crosslinking strategy is extended towards conjugated redox polymers based on polythiophenes and block copolymers. Conductivity mechanisms and the influence of doping level on conductivity are probed with cyclic voltammetry coupled with in situ conductance and four-point probe measurements. The last part is dedicated to the use of TPA as an electron-donating block in the design of donor-pi-acceptor chromophores and their use as active material in organic photovoltaics. An overview of some relevant TPA-based push?pull molecules from the literature and our contribution to this field is presented emphasizing the progress of the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells made over the last decade.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Two novel thiadiazoloquinoxaline and benzodithiophene (BDT) bearing copolymers were designed and synthesized. Different BDT units (alkoxy and thiophene substituted) were used as donor materials and the effect of alkoxy and thiophene substitution on the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Both polymers exhibited low oxidation potentials at around 0.90 V and low optical band gaps at around 1.00 eV due to the insertion of electron poor thiadiazoloquinoxaline unit into the polymer backbone. Both P1 (poly-6,7-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-4-(4,8-bis(nonan-3-yloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)-[1, 2, 5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline) and P2 (poly- 4-(4,8-bis(5-(nonan-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophen-2-yl)-6,7-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-[1, 2, 5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline) exhibited multichromic behavior with different tones of greenish yellow and gray in the neutral and fully oxidized states, respectively. In addition, both polymers revealed very high optical contrasts (?87%) in the NIR region which make these promising polymers good candidates for NIR applications. Finally, in order to explore the organic photovoltaic performances, P1 and P2 were mixed with PC71BM in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) by conventional device structure. As a result P1 and P2 based devices revealed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.33% and 0.60% respectively. However, the additive treatment enhanced PCE from 0.49 to 0.73% for P2 based devices.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Pd-catalyzed hydroalkynylations were developed that involve ligand-enabled regiodivergent addition of an alkyne to an allenamide, giving branched and linear products stereoselectively and facilitated by the neighboring amide group. Regioselectivity was achieved with the use of (o-OMePh)3P and BrettPhos, which allowed the functionalization of various alkynes, including steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, chiral ligands, and vitamins. Based on the experimental results, it was proposed that hydro- and carbopalladation processes operated during the formations of the branched and linear products, respectively.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method