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Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Phenazastannines with 9-(Dibromomethylene)fluorene and -(thio)xanthenes: Facile Synthesis of Acridine Moiety-Containing Bis(tricyclic) Aromatic Enes

Growing interest has been paid to bis(tricyclic) aromatic enes as key components of functional organic materials such as molecular switches and charge-transporting materials. Currently, the synthetic approaches to the overcrowded alkenes are limited to McMurry coupling and Barton-Kellog olefination. This communication reports that palladium-catalyzed double cross-coupling reaction of phenazastannines with 9-(dibromomethylene)fluorene, -xanthene, -thioxanthene, and -thioxanthene-S,S-dioxide serves as a facile synthetic approach to bis(tricyclic) aromatic enes such as 9-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)acridines, 9-(9H-oxanthen-9-ylidene)acridines, 9-(9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidene)acridines, and 9-(10,10-dioxido-9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidene)acridines.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Benzodithiophene and benzotrithiophene-based conjugated polymers for organic thin-film transistors application: Impact of conjugated- and acyl-side chain

A series of benzodithiophene (BDT) and benzotrithiophene (BTT)-based conjugated polymers (P1-P4), with/without conjugated- and acyl-side chain, have been synthesized by Stille cross-coupling reaction. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical properties, devices performances, and microstructure have been investigated. Conjugated-side chain can significantly raise the thermal stability and acyl-side chain can lower HOMO/LUMO energy levels. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on conjugated polymers were fabricated and the transistor electrical characterization showed the device performance was sensitive to the conjugated- and acyl-side chain substituent of polymers. A maximum hole mobility of 1.70 ¡Á 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 was obtained for P1-based devices, which is an order of magnitude higher than those of P3 and P4-based devices. The corresponding microstructures were investigated by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) to correlate with conjugated- and acyl-side chain dependent carrier mobility of P1-P4. The results showed that the conjugated- and acyl-side chain have an impact on the polymer packing models and device performances.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative [4+2] Cycloaddition of Vinyl Benzoxazinanones with Cyclic N -Sulfimines: Stereoselective Synthesis of Benzosulfamidate-Fused Tetrahydroquinazolines

Methods for the catalytic synthesis of highly functionalized benzosulfamidate-fused tetrahydroquinazolines are presented. The decarboxylative [4+2] cycloaddition of vinyl benzoxazinanones with benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxides catalyzed by Pd(PPh 3) 4 affords fused-tetrahydroquinazolines with high diastereoselectivities. Alternatively, catalytic asymmetric [4+2] cycloaddition employing a chiral palladium-containing phosphoramidite ligand provides optically enriched benzosulfamidate-fused tetrahydroquinazolines in good yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Nonsymmetrical 3,4-dithienylmaleimides by cross-coupling reactions with indium organometallics: Synthesis and photochemical studies

The synthesis and photochemical study of novel nonsymmetrical 1,2-dithienylethenes (DTEs) with a maleimide bridge have been carried out. The synthetic approach to the DTEs was based on successive selective palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 5-susbtituted-2-methyl-3-thiophenyl indium reagents with 3,4-dichloromaleimides. The required organoindium reagents were prepared from 2-methyl-3,5-dibromothiophene by a selective (C-5) coupling reaction with triorganoindium compounds (R3In) and subsequent metal-halogen exchange. The coupling reactions usually gave good yields and have a high atom economy with substoichiometric amounts of R3In. The results of photochemical studies show that these novel dithienylmaleimides undergo a photocyclization reaction upon irradiation in the UV region and a photocycloreversion after excitation in the visible region, thus they can be used as photochemical switches. ON-OFF operations can be repeated in successive cycles without appreciable loss of effectiveness in the process.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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NOVEL COMPOUNDS

Compounds of formula (I) described herein are inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme and muscarinic M3 receptor antagonists and are useful for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract characterized by airway obstruction.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Ferrocene bis(phosphonite) ligands and complexes for transition-metal-catalyzed reactions

The synthesis of new sterically hindered ferrocene bis(phosphonites) of formula I STR1 the synthesis of the corresponding transition-metal complexes and the use of these complexes in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions are described.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The synthesis of a [2.2]paracyclophane-derived secondary phosphine oxide and a study of its reactivity

A planar chiral secondary phosphine oxide based on [2.2]paracyclophane was synthesized and its chemistry investigated; it was shown to be a competent pre-ligand in palladium(0)-mediated reactions, and displayed promising activity in gold(I)-catalysed cyclisations. The secondary phosphine oxide could be transformed into a collection of P-stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxides. These are rare examples of the planar chirality of [2.2]paracyclophane being combined with a P-stereogenic centre. Unfortunately, epimerisation of the phosphorus stereocentre during reduction limits the use of this chemistry.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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A light-mediated metal-free atom transfer radical chain transfer reaction for the controlled hydrogenation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)

A light-mediated metal-free atom transfer radical chain transfer reaction (ATRCT) strategy is proposed for the controlled hydrogenation of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) in present work. In this process, C-Cl bonds on CTFE units in P(VDF-CTFE) are firstly activated by the photoexcited catalyst under light. The subsequent chain transfer reaction of the generated macro-radicals to either polar solvents or chain transfer reagents could finely convert part or all the CTFE units into trifluoroethylenes (TrFEs) depending on the loading concentration of the chain transfer reagents and the reaction time. The hydrogenation reaction could be conducted under mild conditions and shows excellent controllable characteristics, which offers a facile, efficient, economic, and metal-free approach to synthesize P(VDF-TrFE) or P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) from P(VDF-CTFE). In particular, this process could completely avoid issues associated with the residue of the metal ions in the target product, which have been recognized as the major resource of dielectric loss in the polymers utilized under high electric field.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Enantioselective Narasaka-Heck cyclizations: synthesis of tetrasubstituted nitrogen-bearing stereocenters

The first examples of highly enantioselective Narasaka-Heck cyclizations are described. A SPINOL-derived P,N-ligand system enables Pd-catalyzed 5-exo cyclization of a range of oxime esters with sterically diverse trisubstituted alkenes to generate dihydropyrroles containing tetrasubstituted nitrogen-bearing stereocenters in 56 to 86% yield and 90?:?10 to 95?:?5 e.r. These processes are rare examples of reactions that proceed via enantioselective migratory insertion of alkenes into Pd-N bonds, and the first where trisubstituted alkenes are used to generate tetrasubstituted stereocenters with high enantioselectivity.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Microwave-assisted intramolecular reductive Heck in aqueous medium: Synthesis of 3,3?-Disubstituted heterocyclic compounds

Heterocyclic products have been accomplished using microwave-assisted [Pd]-catalyzed intramolecular reductive Heck coupling. The protocol found suitable in delivering indolines, oxindoles, and dihydrobenzofurans. Notably, the process was successful in sole aqueous medium and furnished the products bearing a quaternary carbon center.

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Reference£º
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method