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A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of (2,2′-bipyridine)dichloropalladium(II), isomorphous with the ‘yellow’ form of the platinum(II) analogue, has been carried out.Crystals are orthorhombic, Pbca, a 18.144(5), b 15.952(5), c 7.494(2) Angstroem, Z 8, 1113 diffractometer reflections being refined by full matrix least squares to a residual of 0.052.The planar molecules of PdCl2(bpy) are stacked into columns along the c direction, at a separation of c/2, neighbouring molecules in the stacks being related by glide planes with Pd…Pd separations of 4.587(2) Angstroem.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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An in-situ generated cationic Pd(II)/bipyridine-catalyzed conjugate addition of arylboronic acids to alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids in water was developed and optimized. For most substrates, nearly quantitative yields were given, and the products can be purified by simple washing without column chromatography. The reaction can be scaled up to 1.0 g easily with excellent yields. Also the loading of catalyst can be lowered to 1.0 mol% with modest yields, and the reaction provided a mild and easy way to synthesize beta-disubstituted carboxylic acids.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The organometallic osmium(VI) hydroxo compounds [N(n-Bu) 4][Os(N)(CH2SiMe3)3(OH)], cis and trans isomers of [N(n-Bu)4][Os(N)(CH2SiMe 3)2(OH)2], result from the substitution of chloride for hydroxide ligands in precursor compounds. Depending on the molecular structure, these compounds behave as nucleophiles, Bronsted bases, or Lewis bases in their reactions. One of these, [N(n-Bu) 4][cis-Os(N)-(CH2SiMe3)2(OH) 2], reacts readily with CO2 to produce the carbonate compound [N(n-Bu)4][Os(N)(CH2-SiMe3) 2(CO3)]. The other isomer, [N(n-Bu)4][trans- Os(N)(CH2SiMe3)2(OH)2], reacts with CO2 to slowly form the same carbonate compound. It is protonated by other acids to give the neutral hydroxo dimer {Os(N)(CH2SiMe 3)2(mu-OH)}2. The and isomer of {Os(N)(CH2SiMe3)2(mu-OH)}2 reacts with Pd(bpy)-(OSiMe3)2 to produce the coordinatively unsaturated, heterometallic complex {Os(N)(CH2SiMe3) 2}2(mu3-O)2Pd(bpy). The molecular structure of this complex shows two square-pyramidal osmium groups with an anti arrangement of the apical nitrido ligand and a square-planar palladium(II) center, all connected by the triply bridging oxo groups.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Bisphosphonate compounds are disclosed, particularly bisphosonate conjugates useful in the treatment of soft tissues surrounding bone and bone-related diseases, such as bone cancer and osteoporosis.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Abstract New palladium(II) complexes with tryptamine (Pd-tra) and mefenamic acid (Pd-mef) were prepared and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Elemental, ESI-QTOF mass spectrometric and thermogravimetric analyses of the compounds confirm the composition [PdCl2(tra)2] for Pd-tra and [Pd(mef)2(bipy)] for Pd-mef. Infrared data indicate the coordination of tryptamine to Pd(II) by the nitrogen atom of the amino group, while for mefenamic acid coordination occurs by the oxygen atom of carboxylate group in a monodentate form. The 1H, 13C and {15N,1H} NMR spectroscopic data confirm the nitrogen coordination of the NH2 group of trypatmine to Pd(II) in the Pd-tra complex and also the oxygen coordination of the carboxylate group of mefenamic acid to Pd(II) in the Pd-mef complex. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were applied to determine the difference in energy between the geometric isomers (cis/trans) of Pd-tra and to optimize the structure of the Pd-mef complex. Raman spectroscopic measurements reinforce the nitrogen coordination of tryptamine to Pd(II) in the Pd-tra complex and confirms the presence of the cis-[PdCl2(tra)2] isomer in the solid state. The complexes are insoluble in water.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The nickel and platinum complexes [MX2(dppe)] (X = Cl, Br) react with bi- and tri-valent metal diethyldithiocarbamates [M?(S2CNEt2)n] (M? = Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ni, MoO2, VO, n = 2; M? = Co, Fe, Mn, n = 3) to afford salts [M(S2CNEt2)(dppe)]2[M?X4]; reactions involving [Cu(S2CNEt2)2] and [Ag(S2CNEt2)] gave salts of the form [M(S2CNEt2)(dppe)][M?X2] (M? = Cu, Ag). The complexes cis [RuCl2(dppm)2], [CoCl2(dppe)] and [PdX2(bipy)] likewise react with the same dithiocarbamates to form salts [Ru(S2CNEt2)(dppe)2]2 [M?Cl4] [Co(S2CNEt2)2(dppe)]2 [M?Cl4] and [Pd(S2CNnBu2)(bipy)]2 [M?X4], respectively. Sample reactions involving other S-chelate ligands – S2COEt-, S2PPh2- and S2P(OEt)2- – appear to follow the same general pattern. However, the O-ethyldithio carbonates (ethylxanthates) are partly converted to the corresponding dithiocarbonates. An anomalous reaction between [CoCl2(dppe)] and [Zn(S2CNEt2)2] in the presence of (S2CNEt2)2 affords the novel complex [Co(S2CNEt2)2(dppe)]2[Cl 3ZnO:(Ph)2PCH2CH2P(Ph) 2:OZnCl3]. A selection of these salts have been fully characterised by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques, the remainder have been identified by spectroscopic methods alone. X-ray crystal structures are reported for the salts [Ni(S2CNEt2)(dppe)]2 [HgBr4], [Pt(S2CNEt2)(dppe)]2[CdCl4], [Co(S2CNEt2)2(dppe)]2[Cl 3ZnO:(Ph)2PCH2CH2P(Ph) 2:OZnCl3] and [Pd(S2CNnBu2) (bipy)]2[CdCl4].

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The mode of binding of dimethyl sulphoxide (dmso) in cations of the type + has been examined by i.r. and 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy.Infrared spectra of the complexes in the solid state indicate that dmso binds through oxygen in the palladium(II) adducts containing bipy and phen, and through sulphur in the other cases.Proton n.m.r. spectra in CD3NO2 solution show that the complexes in which dmso is S-bonded in the solid state retain their structure in solution, while those containing O-bonded dmso equilibrate to a mixture of O- and S-bonded isomers whose composition depends upon the nature of the chelated diamine.Interconversion between the two isomers is slow on the n.m.r. time-scale, while exchange of S- and O-bonded dmso is fast.The crystal and molecular structures of , (1), and , (2) have been determined by X-ray diffraction: (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 2, a = 10.318(1), b = 12.503(1), c = 7.436(1) Angstroem, and alpha = 95.40(1), beta = 109.10(1), gamma = 109.75(1) deg; (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4, a = 9.960(1), b = 8.652(1), c = 14.152(2) Angstroem, and beta = 92.25(1) deg.The structures were solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least squares to R = 0.026 and 0.024 for (1) and (2), respectively.The co-ordination geometry of the metal atom is square planar in both cases; in complex (1) the dmso ligand is oxygen bonded, while in (2) it is sulphur bonded.The geometries of O- and S- bonded dmso differ considerably: in (2) the S=O distance, O-S-C and C-S-C angles correspond to the geometry of free dmso; in (1) the S=O distance is intermediate between single and double bond lengths, the two O-S-C angles increase by some 7 deg with respect to S-bonded dmso, while the C-S-C angle increases only by 3.6 deg.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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Synthesis of the first platinum blue complex with 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, 5+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine; GI = glutarimidate) and its solution behavior are reported.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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The complexes (L2 = 1,4-dimethoxy-2-diphenylphosphinobenzene), + (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and (mpy = 4-methylpyridine) have been prepared and their reactions with BBr3 studied.The first two complexes afforded products resulting from protolytic cleavage of the phosphinohydroquinone ligand whereas reactions of the last with BBr3 produced (H2pphq = H2L1 = 2-diphenylphosphinohydroquinone) when quenched with methanolic sodium carbonate or, when quenched with methanol alone, a mixture which contains the novel tetrameric cluster <4> and slowly deposits an unexpected phosphinephosphinite complex, cis->*H2O, on standing.The crystal structures of the last two complexes have been determined.The palladium tetramer was also formed when was treated with hydrobromic acid.The NMR spectra suggest that in solution the tetramer is in equilibrium with monomeric solvato complexes, (solv = solvent).

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method

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1p;&-5q; 1 The reactions of [Tl2{S2C=C{C(O)Me}2}]n with [MCl2L2] (1:1) or with [MCl2(NCPh)2] and PPh3 (1:1:2) give complexes [M{eta2-S2C=C{C(O)Me}2}L2] [M = Pt, L2 = 1,5-cyclooctadiene (cod) (1); L2 = bpy, M = Pd (2a), Pt (2b), L = PPh3, M = Pd (3a), Pt (3b)] whereas with MCl2 and QCl (2:1:2) anionic derivatives Q2[M{eta2-S2C=C{C(O)Me}2}2] [M = Pd, Q = NMe4 (4a), Ph3P=N=PPh3 (PPN) (4a?), M = Pt, Q = NMe4 (4b)] are produced. Complexes 1 and 3 react with AgClO4 (1:1) to give tetranuclear complexes [{ML2}2Ag2-{mu2, eta2-(S,S?)-{S2C=C{C (O)Me}2}2}](ClO4)2 [L = PPh3, M = Pd (5a), Pt (5b), L2 = cod, M = Pt (5b?)], while the reactions of 3 with AgClO4 and PPh3 (1:1:2) give dinuclear [{M(PPh3)2}{Ag(PPh3)2} {mu2,eta2-(S,S?) -{S2C=C{C(O)Me}2}}]ClO4 [M = Pd (6a), Pt (6b)]. The crystal structures of 3a, 3b, 4a, and two crystal forms of 5b have been determined. The two crystal forms of 5b display two {Pt(PPh3)2}{mu2,eta2- (S,S?)-{S2C=C{C(O)Me}2}2} moieties bridging two Ag(I) centers.

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Reference:
Chapter 1 An introduction to palladium catalysis,
Palladium/carbon catalyst regeneration and mechanical application method